So theres a huge downside to converting it into a wildlife refuge, because it allows residual contamination to remain in place, said Jeff Edson, a former Colorado state health official who worked on the cleanup. Current Basin F liquid consists of very salty water that includes some metals, chlorides, wastewater and toxic organics. The refuge was created on the buffer zone surrounding the production area. From 1943 to 1956, the US Army and Shell discharged wastes into the unlined basins resulting in the contamination of the South Platte River outside the Arsenal. In September 2017, the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment sued the U.S. Army, U.S. Please direct your comments and questions to: Rocky Mountain Arsenal, 7270 Kingston Parkway, Building 129, Commerce City, CO 80222 or by email to: Patty.l.lee6.civ@army.mil Annual Monitoring Reports In cooperation with federal, state and local regulatory agencies, the U.S. Army maintains and monitors the remedy to ensure its ongoing protectiveness. The final step was adding Bentonite, a heavy clay mud that later solidified, to close the rest of the hole up to the ground surface. After a $2.1 billion cleanup, the site was reborn as Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, with 24 square miles of idyllic prairie where visitors can take scenic drives or hikes. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. The U.S. Army permanently manages. Congruent with the outline of the June 1996 USFWS Comprehensive Management Plan, RMA will be available for public use through both community outreach and educational programs (as provided by the Visitor Access Plan and the USFWS). In 2009, the state of Colorado, Shell Oil Co., and the United States Army settled a lawsuit pertaining to damages to the states natural resources from past activities at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal that caused extensive contamination of soil and water at the site. Over 1,300 earthquakes were recorded at Bergen Park between January 1963 and August 9, 1967. I think theres a case to be made that just leaving it in place really maintains an unacceptable risk of contamination spreading from the site, he said. Organochlorine pesticides, heavy metals, agent degradation products and manufacturing by-products, and chlorinated and aromatic solvents are getting into groundwater in unsafe levels, it says. The Surveillance for Birth Defects utilized passive observational data from an existing birth defects registry March 1989 March 2009. Today, only the foundation of a watch post from Rose Hill is visible, and then only when pointed. (1 of 9) SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. Theyre not going to want to be in a place with chemical pollution or radiation problems., Email: newsroom@coloradosun.com The shock shuffled furniture around in homes, and left electrical wall outlets hanging by their wires at Irondale. The Army is still struggling with cleaning up Jefferson Proving Ground in southeastern Indiana, part of which becameBig Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. Lake Skipper (s): [6][7] Early 1980sAll production at the RMA ceases, and the mission shifts to environmental remediation and restoration. And the biggest bills have yet to be paid. Reunion is located on the north border of RMA. 1973The Vietnam Conflict ends, and demilitarization becomes the primary focus of the RMA. It was also helpful that the location was close to Stapleton airfield, a major transportation hub.[5]. The land has a unique story - it has survived the test of time and transitioned from farmland, to war-time manufacturing site, to wildlife sanctuary. Three criteria were es However, the Army estimates that the waste was a more dilute version of the Basin F liquid which is now being incinerated. 1984The U.S. Army conducts the RMA Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study, which includes the systematic investigation of contamination and the development and evaluation of cleanupalternatives. While the framework for the comprehensive environmental cleanup was being developed, work crews discovered a pair of roosting bald eagles at the site, which prompted the U.S. Known today as an urban national wildlife refuge, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal traces its beginnings to the Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, which brought the United States into World War II. The Army and Shell operated Basin F, a hazardous waste surface impoundment for the storage and treatment of liquid and solid hazardous wastes, but the facility leaked wastes into the environment after waste disposal ended in 1981, the lawsuit says. CERCLA was a tax imposed on chemical and petroleum industries. Mitchell first started writing the Cold Case blog in Fall 2007, in part because Colorado has more than 1,400 unsolved homicides. The Colorado Sun is a journalist-owned, award-winning news outlet based in Denver that strives to cover all of Colorado so that our state our community can better understand itself. Despite the complicated and expensive cleanups, significant contamination has been left behind, some experts say. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis Powers by 150 percent. Another group asked the courts to release documents from a 27-year-old criminal investigation into the weapons plant, hoping they will show whether the government tracked down and cleaned up all the contamination. Denver's independent source of Montbello is located to the south of the RMA, and Commerce City to the west. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, a manufacturing center of United States chemical weapons, is located in Commerce City, Colorado. For example, DIMP (diisopropyl methyl phosphonate) was one of the main contaminants in the area. 1943RMA employees work around the clock to manufacture mustard gas, Lewisite, chlorine gas and incendiary weapons. In September 2017, the state of Colorado filed a lawsuit to sue the United States government for the right to control the contaminated areas of the RMA. Most badgers at Rocky Mountain Arsenal appear to be unaffected by dieldrin, one of the main chemical contaminants remaining in the soil at the military base. A volume of approximately 52,500 acre-feet (65 million cubic metres) of the alluvial aquifer is not usable for human consumption. The Denver series was forgotten, however temporarily, in October 1966, when a southeast Colorado tremor rocked a 15,000 square-mile area of that State and bordering New Mexico. In the early 1980s the site was selected as a Superfund site and the cleanup process began. At the borders of the RMA and at some places in the sites interior, contaminated groundwater is pumped from the below the surface and cleaned before reinjection. The U.S. Army selected 17,000 acres of farm land just 10 miles northeast of Denver in Commerce City, Colorado, as the site of the new Arsenal. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (credit: CBS) Nick Kaczor and his team were also out -- trying to find the black footed ferrets. A local shock awakened a few persons in Commerce City November 25. Spills occurred in the central processing areas, storage areas, and out of chemical sewers that existed underground. The Friends of the Front Range Wildlife Refuges (FFRWR) is a community that supports the two largest national wildlife refuges in the Denver metro area-the Rocky Mountain Arsenal and the Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuges. Several persons scurried into the streets when buildings started shaking back and forth. Kauffman violated state order to stop selling its oil and gas, Colorados air pollution permitting process for oil and gas, other industries may get a lot stricter, (720) 263-2338 Call, text, Signal or WhatsApp, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. From 1964 -- 1966, waste was removed from an isolated section of Basin F and was combined with waste from a pre-treatment plant, located near Basin F, and then pumped into the well. Waste that was left in place is now interred beneath largeengineered covers that prevent intrusion by humans or animals,and also preventfurther contamination of groundwater. The Colorado School of Mines rated this shock magnitude 5.0. This is unprecedented: Avian flu has killed 12,000 birds in Colorado, Smart sensors on I-25 promise really significant traffic improvements, pilot study shows, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge, Denver just got a direct flight to this Caribbean island known for music history and vegetarian cooking, Denver gang member gave 14-year-old permission to open fire on woman with AR-15 after fender-bender, DA alleges, Multiple Colorado schools temporarily placed under secure status due to threats, Denver East High student dies more than two weeks after being shot outside school, Letters: Proposed age limit for gun ownership in Colorado doesn't make sense. The site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL), a list of the most contaminated areas in the United States. Throughout the decades of cleanup, the air monitors revealed there was no safety hazard to public health as no arsenal chemicals had been released into the air. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet (3650 m), with the remaining 70 feet (21 m) left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA to manage bald eagles and other wildlife. Three shocks in 1965 -- February 16, September 29, and November 20 -- caused intensity VI damage in Commerce City and environs. That rankles Tim Maloney, a senior policy director for the Hoosier Environmental Council. In addition, contamination affects public health and nature (honeybee poisonings, pesticide resistance in pests, destruction of natural predators, wild birds, microbes) negatively. To read the report, click here. Some waste disposal pits presented short-term hazards sufficient to preclude their excavation. From 1962 -- 1963, the fluids were pumped from Basin F into the well. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. Soldiers test-fired millions of artillery rounds at the proving ground, some made of depleted uranium. Researchers have not examined the health risks to wildlife at the cleaned-up refuges as extensively as the potential danger to humans, but few problems have been reported. Today, the Refuge encompasses more than 15,000 acres of restored shortgrass prairie and provides habitat to more 300 species of wildlife, including American bison, bald eagles, mule and white-tailed deer, burrowing owls and black-footed ferrets. [14] The following data were derived from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Medical Monitoring Program Surveillance for Birth Defects Compendium prepared by Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and published in February 2010. 2004After the EPA certifies that cleanup actions are complete, the U.S. Department of Defense transfers 5,000 acres of RMA land to the U.S. Department of the Interior to officially establish the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. Rates of birth defects in the communities surrounding the arsenal were also monitored and found to be stable and no different than rates for all of Colorado. From Arsenal of Democracy to urban wildlife refuge, the RMA has been critical to achieving U.S. defense, space exploration, environmental remediation and conservation goals. "Without the support of multiple federal agencies including the EPA Commerce City would have not been able to leverage a remediated property into a true community asset." Feds sue water company for rupture damaging Rocky Mountain National Park -- again, Family gets unexpected bill after Kaiser Permanente Colorado software error that resulted in refunds to thousands, Skygazers will have a great view Wednesday of two planets that look like they are almost touching. In addition, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal had a POW camp for German soldiers, called Rose Hill. Following the war and through the early 1980s, the facilities continued to be used by the Army. Air monitoring surveillance continued until the end of July 2009. [citation needed] The waste from the pre-treatment plant was generally a solution containing 13,000 parts per million sodium chloride (salt), with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 11.5. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. Please click here to see any active alerts. The waste fluid chemistry is not known precisely. Drop us a note at tips@coloradosun.com. The U.S. Congress responded to the movement in 1980 with the creation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), most commonly referred to as a Superfund. Rocket fuel to support Air Force operations was also manufactured and stored at RMA. Rated magnitude 1.5, it was not strong enough to be felt by area residents. Its not because the Department of Defense has some ecological ethic, said Havlick, author of a book about conversions, Bombs Away: Militarization, Conservation, and Ecological Restoration.. Known today as an urban national wildlife refuge, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal is one of the most studied environmental cleanup sites in the country. The U.S government acquired the Arsenal land in 1942 to manufacture chemical warfare agents, including mustard gas and incendiary munitions, for use in World War II. CERCLA also gave the Federal government the authority to respond to the release of life-threatening hazardous materials.[2]. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. 1969Powered by rocket fuel propellant manufactured at the RMA, Apollo 11 lands on the moon. independent local journalism in Denver. Make a one-time donation today for as little as $1. Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, a former nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver, opened to hikers and cyclists last September, but some activists question whether its safe. 1952Shell Chemical Co. purchases Julius Hyman and Company and continues to manufacture agricultural chemicals at the RMA until 1982. [citation needed]. State and federal officials say its safe, but skeptical activists filed a lawsuit saying the federal government didnt test the refuge carefully enough. Photo source: Denver Post Many residents reported it was the strongest earthquake they had ever experienced. The On-Post Record of Decision was signed in June 1996 and describes the cleanup plan for soils, groundwater and structures within the approximately 27-square-mile on-post Operable Unit. Many slight shocks occurred near the well during this period. Coinciding with these activities, from 1946 to 1982, the Army leased RMA facilities to private industries for the production of pesticides. In an effort to foster economic growth in the area and maintain the facilities for national security, private companies were encouraged to lease facilities beginning in the mid-1940s. The documents provide the framework, purpose and overall rationale for remediation of the site. Baseline rates of congenital anomalies in the study area compared to Colorado as a whole did not show significant differences between populations. An astonishing array of animals and habitats flourished onsix obsolete weapons complexes mostly for nuclear or chemical arms because the sites banned the public and other intrusions for decades. Located just north of Denver, in Commerce City and close to the Stapleton Airport, the U.S. Army purchased 20,000 acres (81km2). Feds light fires at Rocky Mountain Arsenal to restore prairie for multiplying bison and the visitors who flock there Prescribed fire is meant to invigorate about 875 acres of short-grass . Share Them by March 3. Vote in our annual food bracket challenge. The first of the major chemical demilitarization programs to be undertaken at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was the disposal of the obsolete The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. [18] While it is difficult to capture the societal cost to clean up the site, the list of actions dealing with groundwater contamination listed by Mears and Heise include: Direct economic totals add up to approximately $111 million and this estimation does not include operation and maintenance costs. The end result was approximately 165 million gallons of Basin F liquid waste being injected into the well during the period from 1962 through 1966. He began working at the newspaper in 1998, after writing for newspapers in Mesa, Ariz., and Twin Falls, Idaho, and The Associated Press in Salt Lake City. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or usable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet (3630 m) of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. A lot of the environmental stories are kind of doomy and gloomy, and these are successful ones, something positive, he said. 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80246, Colorado Health Information Data Set (CoHID), Office of Public Health Practice, Planning, and Local Partnerships (OPHP), Air Quality - Monitoring, Modeling and Data. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment found no increased risk of birth defects in infants. The Army told the Nuclear Regulatory Commission it could cost $3.2 billion to clean the area for unrestricted use. In summary, there is no current evidence of health effects. Groundwater is also pumped and treated at the site. During the development of the remedy for the Arsenals contamination, there was a lot of public concern that the cleanup itself might pose a risk to the surrounding residents. The Army and Shell took remedial actions to prevent the contamination that includes the installation of the groundwater barrier system which treated approximately 1 billion gallons of water every year. American bison are reintroduced to the site that same year as part of a nationwide conservation effort. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitoring program (MMP) was put in place as part of the Record of Decision (ROD) between the U.S. Army, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado Department of Health and Environment in 1996. Opinion: Colorado farms going fallow? Structures that contain the contaminated soil at RMA are also actively monitored, along with surface water and biological resources. (La hoja de datos tambin est disponible en espaol aqu.). Eating fish and game from the refuge is forbidden. It cited seven violations. In April 2007 Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium, was opened on part of the former Rocky Mountain Arsenal land that was transferred to Commerce City. All surface work related to the environmental cleanup ended in 2010, one year ahead of schedule and within budget. As portions of the cleanup are completed, this property becomes part of the National Wildlife Refuge system and is transferred to the U.S. Department of Interior. Fish and Wildlife Service to establish a field office at the RMA to help manage the abundant wildlife. The purpose of this Natural Resource Damage Assessment Plan is to document the State Trustees' basis for conducting the damage assessment that provided the basis of the lawsuit and to set forth the proposed approaches for quantifying harm to natural resources and calculating the damages associated with those injuries. The primary contaminants include organochloride pesticides, organophosphate pesticides, carbamate insecticides, organic solvents and feedstock chemicals used as raw products or intermediates in the manufacturing process (e.g., chlorinated benzenes), heavy metals, chemical warfare material and their related breakdown products and biological warfare agent such as TX. The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. Residential and commercial property is located to the north, south and west. Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Photo source:CBS Denver A similar shock, magnitude 4.1, centered in the Denver area November 15. The U.S. In the mid-1980s, wildlife, including endangered species, moved into the space and the land became a protected park. RMA is also one of the few sites that had a stockpile of Sarin gas (aka nerve agent GB), an organophosphorus compound. For testing purposes, the well was injected with approximately 568,000 US gallons (2150 m) of city water prior to injecting any waste. Several reported basement floors separated from walls. OVERVIEW - Just 10 miles northeast of Denver, Colorado lies one of the largest urban wildlife refuges in the country, an area that only 30 years ago was listed on the Superfund National Priorities List due to being contaminated by over 600 chemicals. North of the former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County. The Army needs to find a way to clean up the depleted uranium safely.. Additionally, some of this land was used for a prisoner of war camp (for Germancombatants) and later transferred to the city of Denver as Stapleton Airport expanded. Additionally, ordnance (including incendiary munitions) was manufactured and tested, and asbestos and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used at RMA. text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight, Emerging Contaminants and Contaminants of Concern, Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket, Military Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). The cleanup of the refuge's 15,000 acres was completed in 2010. The site was placed in 1987 on the EPAs National Priorities List, which is also known as the Superfund list. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has been transformed from a 17,000+ acre facility used for weapons and chemical manufacturing into a beautiful nature sanctuary. The contaminated groundwater that still exists in and around RMA continues to be actively monitored. 2007The EPA honors the RMA with its national Land Revitalization Award. Minor damage, in the form of broken windows and dishes and cracked walls and plaster, occurred at Aguilar, Segundo, Trinchera, and Trinidad. Last Conditions Report for Rocky Mountain Arsenal: 11.15.21. It was estimated by the U.S. 1989The U.S. 1999The RMA becomes the first environmental cleanup site in the nation to receive the Occupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHA) highest workplace safety award. Most of the land areas now belong to the U.S. Get the latest updates in news, food, music and culture, and receive special offers direct to your inbox. Since 1985, the mission at RMA has been the remediation of the site. CDPHE is asking the federal court to compel the Army to install or modify the existing treatment system to effectively prevent pollutants from contaminating groundwater, the lawsuit says. 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